Humanoid Robot Manufacturers by Country 2026
The humanoid robot industry has become a global race. In 2026, more than 30 companies across at least 8 countries are actively developing or manufacturing humanoid robots. The competitive landscape splits into distinct regional clusters, each with different strengths, funding models, and go-to-market strategies.
This directory organizes the major humanoid robot manufacturers by country, covering the United States, China, Europe, and Japan. For each company, you will find their robot platform, current status, target market, and key technical specifications where publicly available.
United States
The US leads in venture-backed humanoid startups, with five major players attracting over $4 billion in combined funding through mid-2026.
Figure AI
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Sunnyvale, California |
| Founded | 2022 |
| Robot | Figure 02 |
| Height / Weight | 1.67m / 60 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 40+ |
| Status | Commercial pilots with BMW, Amazon |
| Funding | ~$2.6 billion total (Series B at $39B valuation, 2025) |
| Target market | Automotive manufacturing, warehouse logistics |
Figure AI is the most heavily funded humanoid robot company in the world. Their Figure 02 robot features full-body dexterity with human-like hands capable of tool use. The company has partnerships with OpenAI for language understanding and BMW for manufacturing deployment. Figure operates a manufacturing facility in Sunnyvale and is scaling production for commercial customers.
Tesla (Optimus)
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Palo Alto, California |
| Founded | 2003 (humanoid program started 2021) |
| Robot | Optimus Gen 3 |
| Height / Weight | 1.73m / 57 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 28+ (hands: 22 DOF) |
| Status | Internal deployment at Tesla factories; limited external pilots |
| Funding | Self-funded (Tesla market cap) |
| Target market | Manufacturing, consumer (long-term) |
Tesla’s Optimus program benefits from the company’s existing expertise in AI (FSD neural networks), manufacturing at scale, and vertical integration. Optimus Gen 3 incorporates lessons from factory deployment and features redesigned actuators for improved efficiency. Tesla has stated an eventual target price below $20,000, though current units are not commercially available for purchase.
Agility Robotics
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Corvallis, Oregon |
| Founded | 2015 |
| Robot | Digit |
| Height / Weight | 1.75m / 65 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 16 (body) + gripper end effectors |
| Status | Commercial production at RoboFab factory |
| Funding | ~$250 million+ |
| Target market | Warehouse logistics, e-commerce fulfillment |
Agility Robotics was among the first to achieve commercial production of a humanoid-form robot. Their RoboFab facility in Salem, Oregon can produce thousands of Digit robots per year. Digit is a warehouse-focused bipedal robot designed to move totes and packages. Amazon is a major investor and pilot customer.
1X Technologies
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Sunnyvale, California (HQ) / Oslo, Norway (origin) |
| Founded | 2014 |
| Robot | NEO (humanoid), EVE (wheeled) |
| Height / Weight | NEO: ~1.70m / 30 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | NEO: 40+ |
| Status | NEO in development; EVE in commercial deployment |
| Funding | ~$225 million (OpenAI-backed) |
| Target market | Consumer home, security, elder care |
1X Technologies originated in Norway but now operates primarily from California. Their EVE robot (wheeled, upper-body humanoid) is deployed in security applications. NEO is their fully bipedal humanoid targeting home use. Backed by OpenAI’s startup fund, 1X focuses on embodied AI with a long-term vision of robots in every home.
Apptronik
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Austin, Texas |
| Founded | 2016 |
| Robot | Apollo |
| Height / Weight | 1.73m / 73 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 36+ |
| Status | Pilot deployments with GXO Logistics, Mercedes-Benz |
| Funding | ~$150 million+ |
| Target market | Logistics, manufacturing, supply chain |
Apptronik spun out of the Human Centered Robotics Lab at UT Austin. Apollo is designed for industrial tasks: lifting up to 25 kg, standing for extended shifts, and working in existing human environments. The company has announced pilot programs with GXO Logistics and Mercedes-Benz, focusing on case handling and material transport.
China
China has the largest number of humanoid robot companies, driven by massive government investment (China’s humanoid robot development plan targets mass production by 2027) and a deep manufacturing ecosystem.
Unitree Robotics
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Hangzhou, China |
| Founded | 2016 |
| Robot | G1, H1 |
| Height / Weight | G1: 1.32m / 35 kg; H1: 1.80m / 47 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | G1: 23 to 43 (config dependent); H1: 19 |
| Status | Commercially available for purchase |
| Funding | ~$150 million+ |
| Target market | Research, education, industrial pilots |
Unitree is the price leader in humanoid robots. The G1 base model is listed at $13,500, excluding tax and shipping, while G1 EDU requires a sales quote. The H1 has previous quoted pricing around $90,000 and currently requires contact with sales. Unitree’s background in quadruped robots (Go2, B2) gives them production expertise and supply chain advantages that most competitors lack.
AgiBot (Shanghai Zhiyuan)
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Shanghai, China |
| Founded | 2023 |
| Robot | AgiBot A2 |
| Height / Weight | 1.70m / 65 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 40+ |
| Status | Factory pilots, scaling production |
| Funding | ~$430 million (backed by SAIC Motor) |
| Target market | Automotive manufacturing, industrial |
AgiBot (also known as Zhiyuan Robot) is backed by Chinese automotive giant SAIC Motor. Their A2 robot features dexterous hands and is designed for automotive assembly tasks. The company has moved quickly from founding to factory deployment, leveraging SAIC’s manufacturing infrastructure and automotive supply chain relationships.
Galbot
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Shanghai, China |
| Founded | 2023 |
| Robot | Galbot G1 |
| Height / Weight | ~1.65m / ~55 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 30+ |
| Status | Development and early pilots |
| Funding | ~$100 million+ |
| Target market | General purpose, manufacturing |
Galbot is one of the newer Chinese humanoid startups, founded by former DJI engineers. The company focuses on whole-body coordination and dexterous manipulation. Their approach emphasizes practical deployment speed over research novelty.
UBTech Robotics
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Shenzhen, China |
| Founded | 2012 |
| Robot | Walker S |
| Height / Weight | Walker S: 1.70m / 60 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 42 |
| Status | Deployed in pilot programs with NIO (automotive) |
| Funding | Public company (HKEX: 9880) |
| Target market | Automotive, manufacturing, smart city |
UBTech is one of the oldest and most established humanoid robot companies globally. They went public on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in 2023. Walker S is their industrial humanoid, deployed in NIO’s electric vehicle factories for quality inspection and material handling tasks.
Fourier Intelligence
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Shanghai, China |
| Founded | 2015 |
| Robot | GR-2 |
| Height / Weight | GR-2: 1.75m / 63 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 53 |
| Status | Commercial production, available for order |
| Funding | ~$200 million+ |
| Target market | Rehabilitation, research, industrial |
Fourier Intelligence originated in rehabilitation robotics (exoskeletons) and leveraged that actuator expertise into general-purpose humanoids. Their GR-2 features 53 degrees of freedom and dexterous hands. The company has production capacity for hundreds of units per year and sells directly to research labs and industrial customers.
LimX Dynamics
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Shenzhen, China |
| Founded | 2022 |
| Robot | CL-2 |
| Height / Weight | ~1.65m / 55 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 30+ |
| Status | Development, outdoor mobility demonstrations |
| Funding | ~$100 million+ |
| Target market | General purpose, outdoor applications |
LimX Dynamics stands out for their focus on dynamic locomotion in unstructured environments. Their humanoid demonstrations include traversing rough terrain, climbing stairs, and recovering from pushes. The company emphasizes reinforcement learning for whole-body control.
Europe
European humanoid development is smaller in scale but includes notable players with strong research foundations.
Sanctuary AI
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Vancouver, Canada |
| Founded | 2018 |
| Robot | Phoenix |
| Height / Weight | 1.70m / 70 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 30+ (hands: 20 DOF) |
| Status | Pilot deployments with Magna International |
| Funding | ~$175 million+ |
| Target market | Automotive, manufacturing, general purpose |
Sanctuary AI focuses on general-purpose intelligence embodied in humanoid form. Their Phoenix robot features industry-leading dexterous hands with 20 degrees of freedom and human-equivalent grasping force. The company uses a teleoperation-first approach to collect training data, then deploys learned behaviors autonomously. They have pilot programs with automotive supplier Magna International.
PAL Robotics
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Barcelona, Spain |
| Founded | 2004 |
| Robot | TALOS, KANGAROO |
| Height / Weight | TALOS: 1.75m / 95 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | TALOS: 32 |
| Status | Commercial sales (research platforms) |
| Funding | Private (acquired by United Robotics Group) |
| Target market | Research institutions, industrial R&D |
PAL Robotics is one of Europe’s longest-running humanoid robot companies. TALOS is a full-size humanoid used as a research platform by universities and national labs worldwide. KANGAROO is their newer, more dynamic bipedal robot. PAL was acquired by United Robotics Group, giving them broader distribution and manufacturing resources.
Japan
Japan’s major corporations maintain long-running humanoid programs, though they have been slower to commercialize compared to US and Chinese startups.
Honda (Asimo legacy / new programs)
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Tokyo, Japan |
| Founded | 1948 (humanoid program since 1986) |
| Robot | Next-generation platform (post-ASIMO) |
| Status | R&D phase; Avatar Robot partnership with Honda Research |
| Funding | Corporate R&D budget |
| Target market | Disaster response, eldercare, industrial |
Honda retired ASIMO in 2022 but continues humanoid development. Their multi-fingered hand and advanced leg locomotion research feed into new platforms. Honda’s Avatar Robot initiative aims for remote teleoperation with haptic feedback, targeting disaster response and remote work scenarios.
Toyota Research Institute
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Tokyo, Japan / Los Altos, California |
| Founded | 1937 (TRI established 2015) |
| Robot | Various research platforms (manipulation-focused) |
| Status | R&D; behavior cloning and diffusion policy research |
| Funding | Corporate R&D (TRI annual budget ~$1 billion) |
| Target market | Eldercare, home assistance, manufacturing |
Toyota Research Institute focuses less on a single flagship humanoid and more on manipulation AI research that can transfer across robot forms. Their work on diffusion policies and large behavior models has produced notable publications. Toyota’s long-term vision targets home assistance robots for Japan’s aging population.
Regional comparison
| Region | Strengths | Challenges |
|---|---|---|
| USA | Venture capital, AI research, software | High labor costs, slower manufacturing scale-up |
| China | Manufacturing speed, government support, cost leadership | Export restrictions, IP perception, limited brand trust in West |
| Europe | Research depth, safety standards, teleoperation | Smaller funding, fewer companies, fragmented market |
| Japan | Actuator engineering, long R&D history, domestic demand | Slow commercialization, corporate conservatism |
Key takeaways
- China has the most companies developing humanoid robots, with at least 20 active programs nationally. Government policy explicitly targets mass production by 2027.
- The US leads in funding. Figure AI alone has raised more than most Chinese competitors combined.
- Price leadership comes from China. Unitree’s G1 base model at $13,500, excluding tax and shipping, is among the cheapest commercially available humanoids, but it does not support secondary development.
- Europe and Japan play specialized roles. Research platforms, rehabilitation robotics, and long-term corporate R&D characterize these regions.
- Commercial deployments are concentrated in logistics and automotive. Nearly every company lists these as primary target markets.
Frequently asked questions
Which country has the most humanoid robot companies? China leads with the most active humanoid robot companies, with over 20 known programs. The United States has 5 to 8 major players, while Europe and Japan have fewer but highly established programs.
What is the cheapest humanoid robot I can buy in 2026? The Unitree G1 base model is listed at $13,500, excluding tax and shipping, but does not support secondary development. G1 EDU requires a sales quote. The Unitree H1 has previous quoted pricing around $90,000, while current purchasing requires contact with sales; Fourier GR-2 also uses sales-led pricing.
Are Chinese humanoid robots available outside China? Yes. Unitree sells globally through their website and distributors. UBTech is publicly traded and sells internationally. Fourier also exports. Some newer companies (AgiBot, Galbot) are focused on domestic deployment first.
Which company is closest to mass production? Agility Robotics (RoboFab facility), Unitree (existing manufacturing), and Tesla (leveraging automotive production) are closest to large-scale manufacturing. Figure AI is also scaling rapidly with significant funding.
How do US and Chinese humanoid robots compare technically? US robots tend to have more advanced AI and software stacks (integration with foundation models, natural language interfaces). Chinese robots often have competitive or superior hardware at lower cost points. The gap is narrowing on both sides.
Will humanoid robots replace human workers? In the near term (2026 to 2030), humanoids will supplement human workers in tasks that are dangerous, repetitive, or unfilled due to labor shortages. Full replacement of human workers in complex roles remains decades away. The immediate value is augmentation, not replacement.
What is the biggest technical challenge for humanoid robots? Manipulation dexterity remains the hardest problem. Walking and navigation are largely solved for flat indoor environments, but picking up arbitrary objects, using tools, and handling deformable materials still require significant advances in hardware and AI.
Sources
- Figure Exceeds $1B in Series C Funding at $39B Post-Money Valuation – Figure AI Press Release — official funding announcement (September 2025)
- Unitree G1 – official shop page — $13,500 USD pricing and product details
- Unitree G1 humanoid robot product page — specifications and capabilities
- Agility Robotics Opening RoboFab – official announcement — RoboFab facility in Salem, Oregon, 10,000 units/year capacity
- Agility Robotics – Digit product page — industrial humanoid automation platform
- UBTech Robotics – Hong Kong Stock Exchange listing (9880.HK) — publicly traded humanoid robot company
- PAL Robotics – TALOS humanoid — research-grade humanoid platform
- Fourier Intelligence – GR-2 humanoid — 53 DOF humanoid robot