Humanoid Robot Manufacturers by Country 2026
The humanoid robot industry has become a global race. In 2026, more than 30 companies across at least 8 countries are actively developing or manufacturing humanoid robots. The competitive landscape splits into distinct regional clusters, each with different strengths, funding models, and go-to-market strategies.
This directory organizes the major humanoid robot manufacturers by country, covering the United States, China, Europe, and Japan. For each company, you will find their robot platform, current status, target market, and key technical specifications where publicly available.
For companies across simulation, sensors, robot arms, foundation models, and deployment infrastructure, use the broader Physical AI company directory.
How this directory labels manufacturing maturity
| Label | Evidence required |
|---|---|
| Prototype | A development unit or demonstration exists; no repeatable production process is evidenced |
| Pilot build | A limited build process or pilot batch is evidenced, without a commissioned production line |
| Production line commissioned | The manufacturer says the line is operational and at least one unit has completed it |
| Pre-mass-production | Production infrastructure exists, but sustained volume output has not been evidenced |
| Mass production | Repeatable volume manufacturing is evidenced; a line’s theoretical capacity alone is insufficient |
| Commercial shipping | Customer ordering and deliveries are evidenced for the stated market or region |
These labels describe different facts. A commissioned line does not establish mass production, and mass production does not automatically establish general availability in every market.
United States
The US leads in venture-backed humanoid startups, with five major players attracting over $4 billion in combined funding through mid-2026.
Figure AI
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Sunnyvale, California |
| Founded | 2022 |
| Robot | Figure 03 |
| Generation status | Figure 03: active fleet generation; Figure 02: decommissioned/retired; Figure 04: referenced future generation, not available |
| Height / Weight | 1.67m / 60 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 40+ |
| Manufacturing maturity | Mass production (Figure-reported: 350+ Figure 03 units delivered into its fleet; line rate reached one robot per hour) |
| Commercial availability | Enterprise engagement only; no public ordering |
| Deployment status | Named customer deployment with BMW; no broad customer shipping confirmed |
| Funding | ~$2.6 billion total (Series B at $39B valuation, 2025) |
| Target market | Automotive manufacturing, warehouse logistics |
Figure says its BotQ factory has moved Figure 03 from prototype builds into production, reporting more than 350 robots and a line rate of one robot per hour. Those are company-reported manufacturing results, not evidence that hundreds of external customers received robots. BMW confirms Figure 03 deployment for logistics sequencing at Spartanburg; Figure does not offer public ordering.
In its September 30, 2026 decommissioning announcement, Figure retires the Figure 02 fleet as Figure 03 grows, retaining a few units at headquarters. Figure 02 remains part of the deployment history: early BMW work, Helix development, household demonstrations and early logistics deployment. Figure references Figure 04 as a future generation without establishing availability. These generation statuses were checked October 1, 2026; they do not change the separate manufacturing or buyer-access fields.
Faraday Future EAI Robotics
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | California, United States |
| Robot | All-New Futurist; Master Mini |
| Public prices | Futurist Standard $89,900; Ultra $129,900. Master Mini $9,990; Pro $12,990; Ultra $17,990 |
| Development positioning | Master Mini product pages advertise ROS 2 and custom development; configuration-specific compute ranges from 48 to 200 TOPS |
| Commercial availability | Per-SKU evidence is mixed: FF states immediate delivery for the September lineup, while its All-New Futurist storefront marks that product “Coming Soon” |
| Deployment evidence | Company-reported sales and shipment totals; no independent deployment or performance validation located |
| Target market | Education, research, competitions, commercial and industrial applications |
Faraday Future’s September 19 launch covers nine configurations across five model groups, including humanoids and quadrupeds. Availability must be tracked per SKU rather than applied to the whole portfolio. The Master Mini page provides active order language and detailed specifications. By contrast, the All-New Futurist shop listing says “Coming Soon,” despite FF’s broader immediate-delivery claim. FF also reports 552 cumulative EAI robot “shipments and sales” through August; that mixed, portfolio-wide measure does not mean 552 newly launched units were delivered.
Tesla (Optimus)
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Palo Alto, California |
| Founded | 2003 (humanoid program started 2021) |
| Robot | Optimus Gen 3 |
| Height / Weight | 1.73m / 57 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 28+ (hands: 22 DOF) |
| Manufacturing maturity | Production line commissioned / pre-mass-production; volume production remains anticipated |
| Commercial availability | Not available for purchase |
| Deployment status | Internal testing reported; no confirmed external customer delivery |
| Funding | Self-funded (Tesla market cap) |
| Target market | Manufacturing, consumer (long-term) |
Tesla’s Optimus program benefits from the company’s existing AI and manufacturing infrastructure, but that does not establish present robot output. Tesla’s Q2 2026 update showed the first-generation Fremont production line, while its Q1 update described lines being installed “in anticipation of volume production.” Optimus therefore remains pre-mass-production, with no public order channel or confirmed external delivery.
Agility Robotics
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Corvallis, Oregon |
| Founded | 2015 |
| Robot | Digit |
| Height / Weight | 1.75m / 65 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 16 (body) + gripper end effectors |
| Manufacturing maturity | Pre-mass-production; RoboFab operational, current unit output undisclosed |
| Commercial availability | Enterprise RaaS and commercial agreements; no public unit sales |
| Deployment status | Commercial deployment at GXO; other customer programs vary by stage |
| Funding | ~$250 million+ |
| Target market | Warehouse logistics, e-commerce fulfillment |
Agility’s RoboFab is operational, but its 10,000-robot annual figure is peak factory capacity, not disclosed current output. Commercial maturity is better evidenced on the deployment side: GXO confirms a multi-year RaaS agreement in a live warehouse. Amazon’s work with Digit should be described as a customer pilot, not as proof of broad commercial shipping.
1X Technologies
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Sunnyvale, California (HQ) / Oslo, Norway (origin) |
| Founded | 2014 |
| Robot | NEO (humanoid), EVE (wheeled) |
| Height / Weight | NEO: ~1.70m / 30 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | NEO: 40+ |
| Manufacturing maturity | Pre-mass-production; NEO line operational, ramp and validation ongoing |
| Commercial availability | NEO pre-order; first US deliveries remain a 2026 company commitment |
| Deployment status | NEO internal/home testing; EVE has separate commercial deployments |
| Funding | ~$225 million (OpenAI-backed) |
| Target market | Consumer home, security, elder care |
1X Technologies originated in Norway and now also operates a NEO factory in California. The company says the factory is operational and producing NEO units, while also describing continuing scale-up, validation and internal home testing. NEO remains a pre-order, with US deliveries promised for 2026; that is not yet confirmed commercial shipping. EVE’s deployment history is a separate product signal and should not be transferred to NEO.
Apptronik
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Austin, Texas |
| Founded | 2016 |
| Robot | Apollo |
| Height / Weight | 1.73m / 73 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 36+ |
| Manufacturing maturity | Pilot build; Jabil manufacturing collaboration, no mass production confirmed |
| Commercial availability | Enterprise pilot engagement; no public ordering |
| Deployment status | Customer pilots/testing with Mercedes-Benz and Jabil |
| Funding | ~$150 million+ |
| Target market | Logistics, manufacturing, supply chain |
Apptronik spun out of the Human Centered Robotics Lab at UT Austin. Apollo is designed for industrial material-handling tasks. Apptronik and Jabil describe their work as a pilot and strategic manufacturing collaboration, while Mercedes-Benz says it is testing Apollo in manufacturing. Those partnerships support pilot-build and customer-testing status, not mass production or general availability.
China
China has the largest number of humanoid robot companies, driven by massive government investment (China’s humanoid robot development plan targets mass production by 2027) and a deep manufacturing ecosystem.
Unitree Robotics
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Hangzhou, China |
| Founded | 2016 |
| Robot | G1, H1 |
| Height / Weight | G1: 1.32m / 35 kg; H1: 1.80m / 47 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | G1: 23 to 43 (config dependent); H1: 19 |
| Manufacturing maturity | Mass-production version launched (Unitree-reported); current output volume not independently disclosed |
| Commercial availability | G1 base publicly orderable; other configurations vary by sales channel |
| Deployment status | Research/developer use and configured projects; no single fleet-wide status |
| Funding | ~$150 million+ |
| Target market | Research, education, industrial pilots |
Unitree is the price-access leader in humanoid robots. The G1 base model is listed at $13,500, excluding tax and shipping, while G1 EDU requires a sales quote. Unitree calls G1 its mass-production version and separately operates a public storefront, but it does not publish audited current humanoid output. Manufacturing maturity and buyer access should therefore remain separate.
AgiBot (Shanghai Zhiyuan)
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Shanghai, China |
| Founded | 2023 |
| Robot | AgiBot A2, A3, A3 Ultra |
| Height / Weight | A3 Ultra: 1.74m / 60 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | A3 Ultra: 51 active DOF |
| Manufacturing maturity | Portfolio production scale disclosed: 20,000 cumulative robots by September 2026 (AGIBOT claim); A3 Ultra-specific output remains unknown |
| Certification | A3 Ultra: TÜV Rheinland RED DA, RED NB and Safety AK |
| Regulatory readiness | Model-specific certification advances market-access readiness; exact certificate scope and deployment conditions still require buyer review |
| Commercial availability | Listed on AgiBot’s official store; delivery timing, import requirements and local support require confirmation |
| Deployment status | Company-reported fleets: 300+ robots at Chimelong and 100 X2 at ASD stores (September 2026 disclosures); A3 Ultra-specific scope remains unquantified |
| Funding | ~$430 million (backed by SAIC Motor) |
| Target market | Manufacturing, commercial and service deployments |
AgiBot (also known as Zhiyuan Robot) is backed by Chinese automotive giant SAIC Motor. The company now lists the A3 Ultra as its commercial full-size platform. AgiBot’s September 4 IFA announcement states that A3 Ultra specifically received TÜV Rheinland RED DA, RED NB, and Safety AK certifications. It separately says A2, X2, G2, D1 Max Pro, and C5 have undergone TÜV Rheinland testing and certification, but does not assign A3 Ultra’s exact three-label package to those models.
Certification, market-access readiness, and availability are different signals. The A3 Ultra store accepts orders, but tells customers to contact support for delivery details and makes customs and taxes the buyer’s responsibility. The certification announcement therefore should not be read as proof of unrestricted EU deployment, stocked European inventory, or a general availability date.
Scale evidence checked October 1, 2026: AGIBOT’s September 30 disclosure relays IDC’s estimate of more than 8,600 humanoid shipments and approximately 35% global shipment share in H1 2026. Separately, AGIBOT reports 20,000 cumulative robots produced by September across its portfolio, more than 300 robots deployed at Chimelong Spaceship Park in September, and 100 X2 introduced across ASD stores. This supports company-reported portfolio-scale production and multi-site deployment, not audited sales, A3 Ultra mass production, fleet autonomy or unrestricted regional availability. See the Chinese humanoid company guide’s metric breakdown.
XPENG Robotics (IRON)
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Guangzhou, China |
| Robot | IRON |
| Manufacturing maturity | Production line commissioned; pre-mass-production |
| Confirmed status | Production lines commissioned; at least one IRON completed the line process |
| Company-reported process automation | More than 80% of core processes |
| Commercial availability | Not generally available; no customer shipping confirmed |
| Announced next | Mass production targeted by end of 2026; market launch and deliveries planned for 2027 |
| Source date | September 8, 2026 |
| Source | XPENG production-line announcement |
XPENG’s milestone shows that IRON has moved beyond prototype-only manufacturing, but it does not establish mass production. The company has commissioned the line and completed at least one robot on it; sustained production volume, customer deliveries, pricing, and regional availability have not been confirmed. XPENG’s end-of-2026 mass-production target and 2027 delivery plan therefore remain announced next steps.
See the Chinese humanoid robot companies guide for XPENG’s position in the wider ecosystem.
Galbot
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Shanghai, China |
| Founded | 2023 |
| Robot | Galbot G1 |
| Height / Weight | ~1.65m / ~55 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 30+ |
| Manufacturing maturity | Unknown; no reliable public production-stage evidence found |
| Commercial availability | Product and developer materials public; general customer shipping not confirmed |
| Deployment status | Company-reported retail, industrial and service operations |
| Funding | ~$100 million+ |
| Target market | General purpose, manufacturing |
Galbot is one of the newer Chinese humanoid startups. The company focuses on embodied manipulation and publishes product and developer materials. Galbot reports deployments across retail, industrial and service settings, but does not provide enough public manufacturing evidence to assign a production stage or verify broad customer shipping.
UBTech Robotics
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Shenzhen, China |
| Founded | 2012 |
| Robot | Walker S2 |
| Height / Weight | Walker S2: 1.76m / 70 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 42 |
| Manufacturing maturity | Small-scale mass production (UBTECH-reported) |
| Commercial availability | Company-reported deliveries; no public checkout |
| Deployment status | Customer factory validation and industrial deployments |
| Funding | Public company (HKEX: 9880) |
| Target market | Automotive, manufacturing, smart city |
UBTECH is one of the oldest publicly listed humanoid robot companies. Its 2025 annual report says Walker S2 entered “1,000-unit-level small-scale mass production and delivery.” This is an attributed company disclosure and supports limited volume production and delivery, not unrestricted availability in every region. Named factory programs should still be described by their specific testing or deployment stage.
Fourier Intelligence
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Shanghai, China |
| Founded | 2015 |
| Robot | GR-2 |
| Height / Weight | GR-2: 1.75m / 63 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 53 |
| Manufacturing maturity | Unknown for GR-2; no reliable public volume evidence found |
| Commercial availability | Contact sales; no public price or checkout |
| Deployment status | Research-institute/customer use referenced by Fourier; scope not disclosed |
| Funding | ~$200 million+ |
| Target market | Rehabilitation, research, industrial |
Fourier Intelligence originated in rehabilitation robotics and expanded into general-purpose humanoids. Its GR-2 product page provides specifications, a contact-sales path and references customer feedback and research institutes. It does not substantiate current GR-2 production volume, factory capacity or broad commercial shipping, so those states remain unknown.
LimX Dynamics
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Shenzhen, China |
| Founded | 2022 |
| Robot | CL-2 |
| Height / Weight | ~1.65m / 55 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 30+ |
| Manufacturing maturity | Unknown; no reliable public production-stage evidence found |
| Commercial availability | Developer engagement; broad customer shipping not confirmed |
| Deployment status | Public demonstrations; sustained customer deployment not confirmed |
| Funding | ~$100 million+ |
| Target market | General purpose, outdoor applications |
LimX Dynamics stands out for their focus on dynamic locomotion in unstructured environments. Their humanoid demonstrations include traversing rough terrain, climbing stairs, and recovering from pushes. The company emphasizes reinforcement learning for whole-body control.
Canada and Europe
Canada and Europe have smaller humanoid sectors but include notable players with strong research foundations.
Sanctuary AI
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Vancouver, Canada |
| Founded | 2018 |
| Robot | Phoenix |
| Height / Weight | 1.70m / 70 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | 30+ (hands: 20 DOF) |
| Manufacturing maturity | Pilot build; no volume production confirmed |
| Commercial availability | Enterprise partnerships only; no public ordering |
| Deployment status | Commercial deployment history and Magna development/pilot work |
| Funding | ~$175 million+ |
| Target market | Automotive, manufacturing, general purpose |
Sanctuary AI focuses on general-purpose intelligence embodied in humanoid form. The company reported completing an early commercial deployment and later described Phoenix development and pilot work with Magna. That establishes deployment history, but not repeatable volume manufacturing or public availability.
PAL Robotics
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Barcelona, Spain |
| Founded | 2004 |
| Robot | TALOS, KANGAROO |
| Height / Weight | TALOS: 1.75m / 95 kg |
| Degrees of freedom | TALOS: 32 |
| Status | Commercial sales (research platforms) |
| Funding | Private (acquired by United Robotics Group) |
| Target market | Research institutions, industrial R&D |
PAL Robotics is one of Europe’s longest-running humanoid robot companies. TALOS is a full-size humanoid used as a research platform by universities and national labs worldwide. KANGAROO is their newer, more dynamic bipedal robot. PAL was acquired by United Robotics Group, giving them broader distribution and manufacturing resources.
Japan
Japan’s major corporations maintain long-running humanoid programs, though they have been slower to commercialize compared to US and Chinese startups.
Honda (Asimo legacy / new programs)
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Tokyo, Japan |
| Founded | 1948 (humanoid program since 1986) |
| Robot | Next-generation platform (post-ASIMO) |
| Status | R&D phase; Avatar Robot partnership with Honda Research |
| Funding | Corporate R&D budget |
| Target market | Disaster response, eldercare, industrial |
Honda retired ASIMO in 2022 but continues humanoid development. Their multi-fingered hand and advanced leg locomotion research feed into new platforms. Honda’s Avatar Robot initiative aims for remote teleoperation with haptic feedback, targeting disaster response and remote work scenarios.
Toyota Research Institute
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Location | Tokyo, Japan / Los Altos, California |
| Founded | 1937 (TRI established 2015) |
| Robot | Various research platforms (manipulation-focused) |
| Status | R&D; behavior cloning and diffusion policy research |
| Funding | Corporate R&D (TRI annual budget ~$1 billion) |
| Target market | Eldercare, home assistance, manufacturing |
Toyota Research Institute focuses less on a single flagship humanoid and more on manipulation AI research that can transfer across robot forms. Their work on diffusion policies and large behavior models has produced notable publications. Toyota’s long-term vision targets home assistance robots for Japan’s aging population.
Regional comparison
| Region | Strengths | Challenges |
|---|---|---|
| USA | Venture capital, AI research, software | High labor costs, slower manufacturing scale-up |
| China | Manufacturing speed, government support, cost leadership | Export restrictions, IP perception, limited brand trust in West |
| Europe | Research depth, safety standards, teleoperation | Smaller funding, fewer companies, fragmented market |
| Japan | Actuator engineering, long R&D history, domestic demand | Slow commercialization, corporate conservatism |
Key takeaways
- China has the most companies developing humanoid robots, with at least 20 active programs nationally. Government policy explicitly targets mass production by 2027.
- The US leads in funding. Figure AI alone has raised more than most Chinese competitors combined.
- Price leadership comes from China. Unitree’s G1 base model at $13,500, excluding tax and shipping, is among the cheapest directly orderable humanoids, but it does not support secondary development.
- Europe and Japan play specialized roles. Research platforms, rehabilitation robotics, and long-term corporate R&D characterize these regions.
- Commercial deployments are concentrated in logistics and automotive. Nearly every company lists these as primary target markets.
Frequently asked questions
Which country has the most humanoid robot companies? China leads with the most active humanoid robot companies, with over 20 known programs. The United States has 5 to 8 major players, while Europe and Japan have fewer but highly established programs.
What is the cheapest humanoid robot I can buy in 2026? The Unitree G1 base model is listed at $13,500, excluding tax and shipping, but does not support secondary development. G1 EDU requires a sales quote. The Unitree H1 has previous quoted pricing around $90,000, while current purchasing requires contact with sales; Fourier GR-2 also uses sales-led pricing.
Are Chinese humanoid robots available outside China? Selected models are. Unitree offers international ordering and distributors. UBTECH and Fourier use sales-led channels, where regional availability, delivery timing and support must be confirmed. A public product page or export history does not prove every humanoid is stocked in every market.
Which company is closest to mass production? The answer depends on whether you mean production infrastructure, repeatable output or customer deliveries. Figure reports more than 350 Figure 03 robots and a one-per-hour line rate; UBTECH reports 1,000-unit-level Walker S2 production and delivery; Unitree sells humanoid hardware and calls G1 a mass-production version; Agility operates RoboFab and has a commercial deployment, but does not disclose current unit output. XPENG and Tesla have commissioned lines but remain pre-mass-production. These are vendor-reported, model-specific signals rather than one comparable industry metric.
How do US and Chinese humanoid robots compare technically? US robots tend to have more advanced AI and software stacks (integration with foundation models, natural language interfaces). Chinese robots often have competitive or superior hardware at lower cost points. The gap is narrowing on both sides.
Will humanoid robots replace human workers? In the near term (2026 to 2030), humanoids will supplement human workers in tasks that are dangerous, repetitive, or unfilled due to labor shortages. Full replacement of human workers in complex roles remains decades away. The immediate value is augmentation, not replacement.
What is the biggest technical challenge for humanoid robots? Manipulation dexterity remains the hardest problem. Walking and navigation are largely solved for flat indoor environments, but picking up arbitrary objects, using tools, and handling deformable materials still require significant advances in hardware and AI.
Sources
- Figure Exceeds $1B in Series C Funding at $39B Post-Money Valuation – Figure AI Press Release — official funding announcement (September 2025)
- Figure ramps Figure 03 production — company-reported unit count and line rate
- BMW deploys Figure 03 — named customer deployment
- Faraday Future 919 robotics launch — configurations, prices and company availability claims
- Faraday Future September 20 investor update — portfolio-wide sales/shipment claim
- FF Master Mini product page — specifications, prices and order language
- FF All-New Futurist product page — current vendor specifications
- Unitree G1 – official shop page — $13,500 USD pricing and product details
- Unitree G1 humanoid robot product page — specifications and capabilities
- Agility Robotics Opening RoboFab – official announcement — RoboFab facility in Salem, Oregon, 10,000 units/year capacity
- Agility Robotics – Digit product page — industrial humanoid automation platform
- GXO and Agility Robotics commercial agreement — commercial RaaS deployment
- UBTECH 2025 annual report — Walker S2 small-scale mass production and delivery disclosure
- Tesla Q2 2026 update — first-generation Optimus production line
- PAL Robotics – TALOS humanoid — research-grade humanoid platform
- Fourier Intelligence – GR-2 humanoid — 53 DOF humanoid robot
- AgiBot: IFA 2026 certification announcement — A3 Ultra’s named TÜV Rheinland certifications and separate status of other models
- AgiBot A3 Ultra official store — Current order path, specifications, listed certifications, shipping and import caveats